U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, Conti 11. Container Schiffarts-GMBH & Co. KG M.S., MSC Flaminia v. MSC Mediterranean Shipping Company S.A., Docket No. 22-30808

Personal Jurisdiction

 

Of a Parent Corporation? Of its Subsidiary?

 

Nonresident Corporation

 

Purposeful Availment

 

Presumption of Institutional Independence

 

 

 

 

 

“Generally, a foreign parent corporation is not subject to the jurisdiction of a forum state merely because its subsidiary is present or doing business there.” Hargrave v. Fibreboard Corp., 710 F.2d 1154, 1159 (5th Cir. 1983) (citing 2 J. Moore & J. Lucas, Moore’s Federal Practice ¶4.25[6], at 4–272 (2d ed. 1982)). “This presumption of institutional independence...may be rebutted, however, by clear evidence” that the two corporations are “fused...for jurisdictional purposes.” Diece-Lisa, 943 F.3d at 251 (quoting Freudensprung, 379 F.3d at 346); see also Hargrave, 710 F.2d at 116 (explaining, “so long as a parent and subsidiary maintain separate and distinct corporate entities, the presence of one in a forum state may not be attributed to the other”). In this inquiry, we consider the following factors: “(1) the amount of stock owned by the parent of the subsidiary; (2) whether the entities have separate headquarters, directors, and officers; (3) whether corporate formalities are observed; (4) whether the entities maintain separate accounting systems; and (5) whether the parent exercises complete control over the subsidiary’s general policies or daily activities.” Diece-Lisa, 943 F.3d at 251; see also Hargrave, 710 F.2d at 1160 (discussing factors).

 

 

See also, e.g., Diece-Lisa Indus., Inc. v. Disney Enters., Inc., 943 F.3d 239, 251 (5th Cir. 2019) (“Generally, ‘the proper exercise of personal jurisdiction over a nonresident corporation may not be based solely upon the contacts with the forum state of another corporate entity with which the defendant may be affiliated.’” (quoting Freudensprung v. Offshore Tech. Servs., Inc., 379 F.3d 327, 346 (5th Cir. 2004))); Access Telecom, Inc. v. MCI Telecomms. Corp., 197 F.3d 694, 717 (5th Cir. 1999) (“Typically, the corporate independence of companies defeats the assertion of jurisdiction over one by using contacts with the other.”); Dickson Marine, Inc. v. Panalpina, Inc., 179 F.3d 331, 338 (5th Cir. 1999) (“Courts have long presumed the institutional independence of related corporations, such as parent and subsidiary, when determining if one corporation’s contacts with a forum can be the basis of a related corporation’s contacts.” (citing Cannon Mfg. Co. v. Cudahy Packing Co., 267 U.S. 333 (1925))); Southmark Corp. v. Life Invs., Inc., 851 F.2d 763, 773–74 (5th Cir. 1988) (“It is well-settled that where...a wholly owned subsidiary is operated as a distinct corporation, its contacts with the forum cannot be imputed to the parent.”). (Fn. 12).

 

 

(…) Furthermore, based on uncontroverted record evidence MSC has never had a registered agent for service of process in Louisiana. (Fn. 13 in fine).

 

 

 

 

 

(U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, Jan. 29, 2024, Conti 11. Container Schiffarts-GMBH & Co. KG M.S., MSC Flaminia v. MSC Mediterranean Shipping Company S.A., Docket No. 22-30808)