The Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA) waives the
Government’s sovereign immunity from tort suits, but excepts from that waiver
certain intentional torts, 28 U. S. C. §2680(h). Section §2680(h), in turn, contains
a proviso that extends the waiver of immunity to claims for six intentional
torts, including assault and battery, that are based on the “acts or omissions”
of an “investigative or law enforcement officer” i.e., a federal officer
“who is empowered by law to execute searches, to seize evidence, or to make
arrests.” Petitioner Millbrook, a federal prisoner, sued the United States
under the FTCA, alleging, inter alia, assault and battery by
correctional officers. The District Court granted the Government summary
judgment, and the Third Circuit affirmed, hewing to its precedent that the “law
enforcement proviso” applies only to tortious conduct that occurs during the
course of executing a search, seizing evidence, or making an arrest.
Held: The law enforcement proviso extends to law enforcement officers’ acts
or omissions that arise within the scope of their employment, regardless of
whether the officers are engaged in investigative or law enforcement activity,
or are executing a search, seizing evidence, or making an arrest. The proviso’s
plain language supports this conclusion. On its face, the proviso applies
where a claim arises out of one of six intentional torts and is related to the
“acts or omissions” of an “investigative or law enforcement officer.” §2680(h).
And by crossreferencing §1346(b), the proviso incorporates an additional
requirement that the “acts or omissions” occur while the officer is “acting
within the scope of his office or employment.” §1346(b)(1) (U.S. S. Ct.,
27.03.13, Millbrook v. U.S., J. Thomas, unanimous).
Action dirigée contre le
gouvernement fédéral basée sur un acte illicite : immunité : cette immunité est
levée de manière générale par une loi fédérale (FTCA). Certaines exceptions
sont prévues dans le cas d'actes illicites intentionnels, dans le cadre
desquels l'immunité est maintenue. En outre, la loi étend la levée de
l'immunité s'agissant de six actes illicites intentionnels (notamment
"assault and battery") commis par des représentants de la force
publique dans l'exercice de leur métier de manière générale, et non seulement
quand ces représentants de la force publique conduisent des fouilles,
saisissent des preuves, ou exécutent une arrestation.