Securities: securities fraud action:
limitations period: on November 6, 2003, respondent investors filed a
securities fraud action under §10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
alleging that petitioner Merck & Co. knowingly misrepresented the heart attack
risks associated with its drug Vioxx. A securities fraud complaint is timely if
filed no more than “2 years after the discovery of the facts constituting the
violation” or 5 years after the violation. 28 U. S.
C. §1658(b); the limitations period in §1658(b)(1) begins to run once the
plaintiff actually discovered or a reasonably diligent plaintiff would have
“discovered the facts constituting the violation”—whichever comes first. In the
statute of limitations context, “discovery” is often used as a term of art in
connection with the “discovery rule,” a doctrine that delays accrual of a cause
of action until the plaintiff has “discovered” it; facts showing
scienter are among those that “constitute the violation.” Scienter is assuredly
a “fact.” In a §10(b) action, it refers to “a mental state embracing intent to
deceive, manipulate, or defraud,” Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder,
425 U. S. 185, 194, n. 12, and “constitutes” an important and necessary element
of a §10(b) “violation.” See Tellabs, Inc. v. Makor Issues &
Rights, Ltd., 551 U. S. 308, 319; it would frustrate the very purpose of
the discovery rule codified in §1658(b)(1) if the limitations period began to
run regardless of whether a plaintiff had “discovered” any facts suggesting
scienter (U.S.S.Ct., 27.04.10, Merck v. Reynolds, J. Breyer).
Tuesday, April 27, 2010
Merck v. Reynolds
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