Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Rule 10b–5:
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Rule 10b–5, which forbids “any person
. . . to make any untrue statement of a material fact” in connection with the
purchase or sale of securities. The complaint alleged, inter alia, that
JCG and its wholly owned subsidiary, petitioner Janus Capital Management LLC
(JCM), made false statements in mutual fund prospectuses filed by Janus
Investment Fund—for which JCM was the investment adviser and administrator—and
that those statements affected the price of JCG’s stock. Although JCG created
Janus Investment Fund, it is a separate legal entity owned entirely by mutual
fund investors. The District Court dismissed the complaint for failure to state
a claim. The Fourth Circuit reversed, holding that First Derivative had
sufficiently alleged that JCG and JCM, by participating in the writing and
dissemination of the prospectuses, made the misleading statements contained in
the documents; because the false statements included in the prospectuses were
made by Janus Investment Fund, not by JCM, JCM and JCG cannot be held liable in
a private action under Rule 10b–5; although neither Rule 10b–5 nor the statute
it interprets, §10(b) of the Act, expressly creates a private right of action,
such an “action is implied under §10(b).” Superintendent of Ins. of N. Y. v.
Bankers Life & Casualty Co., 404 U. S. 6, 13, n. 9. That holding
“remains the law,” Stoneridge Investment Partners, LLC v. Scientific
Atlanta, Inc., 552 U. S. 148, 165, but, in analyzing the question at issue,
the Court is mindful that it must give “narrow dimensions . . . to a right . .
. Congress did not authorize when it first enacted the statute and did not
expand when it revisited” it, id., at 167; for Rule 10b–5 purposes, the
maker of a statement is the person or entity with ultimate authority over the
statement, including its content and whether and how to communicate it. Without
control, a person or entity can merely suggest what to say, not “make” a
statement in its own right. This rule follows from Central Bank of Denver,
N. A. v. First Interstate Bank of Denver, N. A., 511 U. S. 164, 180,
which held that Rule 10b–5’s private right of action does not include suits
against aiders and abettors who contribute “substantial assistance” to the
making of a statement but do not actually make it. Reading “make” more broadly,
to include persons or entities lacking ultimate control over a statement, would
substantially undermine Central Bank by rendering aiders and abettors
almost nonexistent. The Court’s interpretation is also suggested by Stoneridge,
552 U. S., at 161, and accords with the narrow scope that must be given the
implied private right of action, id., at 167; although JCM may have been
significantly involved in preparing the prospectuses, it did not itself “make”
the statements at issue for Rule 10b–5 purposes. Its assistance in crafting
what was said was subject to Janus Investment Fund’s ultimate control (U.S.S.Ct.,
13.06.11, Janus Capital Group, Inc. v. First Derivative Traders, J. Thomas).
Monday, June 13, 2011
Janus Capital Group, Inc. v. First Derivative Traders
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