Monday, June 20, 2011

Turner v. Rogers



Mootness: even though Turner has completed his 12-month sentence, and there are not alleged to be collateral consequences of the contempt determination that might keep the dispute alive, this case is not moot, because it is “capable of repetition” while “evading review,” Southern Pac. Terminal Co. v. Interstate Commerce Comm’n, 219 U. S. 498, 515. A case remains live if “(1) the challenged action is in its duration too short to be fully litigated prior to its cessation or expiration, and (2) there is a reasonable expectation that the same complaining party will be subjected to the same action again.” Weinstein v. Bradford, 423 U. S. 147, 149. Here, the “challenged action,” Turner’s imprisonment for up to 12 months, is “in its duration too short to be fully litigated” through the state courts (and arrive here) prior to its “expiration.” First Nat’l Bank of Boston v. Bellotti, 435 U. S. 765, 774. And there is a more than “reasonable” likelihood that Turner will again be “subjected to the same action” because he has frequently failed to make his support payments, has been the subject of several civil contempt proceedings, has been imprisoned several times, and is, once again, the subject of civil contempt proceedings for failure to pay. DeFunis v. Odegaard, 416 U. S. 312, and St. Pierre v. United States, 319 U. S. 41, distinguished (U.S.S.Ct., 20.06.2011, Turner v. Rogers, J. Breyer).

Absence d’instance : faute de paiements de pensions alimentaires, T. a été condamné à une peine de 12 mois de prison. Le cas ne peut pas être jugé périmé et entraîner ainsi l’incompétence de la Cour, car d’une part il ne peut, en suivant les voies de droit usuelles, être porté devant la Cour et décidé par elle dans un délai de 12 mois, et d’autre part dit cas est susceptible de se reproduire. T. a en effet déjà été condamné à plusieurs reprises pour défaut de paiement de la pension alimentaire et pour l’infraction distincte de ne pas se soumettre à une décision de justice (contempt of court). Et si le cas devait se reproduire, il échapperait à chaque fois à la connaissance de la Cour pour les raisons de délais précités, la Cour étant à chaque fois saisie alors que la peine est exécutée (notion de « capable of repetition while evading review »).

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